29 research outputs found

    Getting out of the vicious traffic circle: attempts at restructuring the cultural ambience of the automobile throughout the 20th century

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    "For years, alternative vehicle and propulsion concepts have had a very difficult time catching on, even though technicians and engineers have repeatedly pointed out that the design quality of electric propulsion systems or other novel vehicle concepts is available and feasible. Often enough, this state of affairs allowed free rein for various conspiracy theories, in which extraneous issues were made responsible for the lack of technological breakthrough. This paper agues, however, that innovation research has itself focused too narrowly on the process of the establishment of new products. On the basis of five case examples the implementation of diesel engine propulsion for street vehicles the EV1, the first electrically propelled standard car by General MotorsFordżs prototype electric car study 'Pivco', the NSU Wankel engine and the 'Smart' car manufactured by Daimler Chrysler - an attempt is made to develop a comprehensive understanding of innovation processes which does not stop at the 'technical invention' of a device. The thesis is that a new device requires a relevant cultural ambience, which must be more or less invented alongside it in multiple dimensions. Technical-constructive work is thus only one part of a successful innovation processparallel to this, complementary measures must be taken with regard to the overall sectoral environment, law-making, user perceptions and attributions of meaning, as well as the cultural appropriation of a given device. Without the appropriate 'adaptive measures', even the most interesting technical projects runs the risk of sinking onto oblivion for lack of relevance." (author's abstract)"Alternative Antriebs- und Fahrzeugkonzepte haben es schon seit Jahren sehr schwer, sich durchzusetzen, obwohl von Technikern und Ingenieuren immer wieder darauf verwiesen wird, daß die konstruktive Qualität von elektrischen Antriebssystemen oder anderen neuartigen Fahrzeugkonzepten vorhanden sei. Oft genug konnten daher Verschwörungstheorien Raum greifen, in denen sachfremde Tatbestände für die fehlenden technischen Durchbrüche verantwortlich gemacht wurden. Die Autoren argumentieren dagegen, daß die Innovationsforschung selbst einen zu engen Blick auf die Prozesse der Etablierung neuer Produkte eingenommen hat. Anhand von fünf Fallbeispielen - der Durchsetzung des dieselmotorischen Antriebes für Straßenfahrzeuge, des EV1( dem ersten elektrisch betriebenen Serienfahrzeug von General Motors), der Konzeptstudie 'Pivco' (einem Elektroautomobil-Projekt des Ford-Konzerns), des NSU-Wankelmotors sowie des neuartigen Fahrzeugkonzeptes 'Smart' - wird versucht, ein umfassendes Verständnis von Innovationsprozessen zu entwickeln, das nicht bei der 'technischen Erfindung' eines Gerätes haltmacht. Die These ist, daß neue Geräte zur Durchsetzung am Markt auch einen entsprechenden Funktionsraum benötigen (cultural ambience), der mehrdimensional sozusagen immer mit'erfunden' werden muß. Die technisch-konstruktive Arbeit ist daher nur ein Teilbereich eines erfolgreichen Innovationsprozesses. Parallel müssen weitere Vorkehrungen im Branchenumfeld, bei der Gesetzgebung, bei den Nutzerperzeptionen und Bedeutungszuschreibungen sowie den kulturellen Aneignungsweisen getroffen werden. Ohne die entsprechenden 'Anpassungsmaßnahmen' droht auch den interessantesten technischen Projekten die Bedeutungslosigkeit." (Autorenreferat

    Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

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    A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

    Measurement of jet fragmentation in Pb+Pb and pppp collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{{s_\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

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    (Rez.:) Kaiserfeld, Thomas: Vetenskap och karriär

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    Technology in flux: local practices and global patterns in the development of the diesel engine

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    SIGLEAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel W 186 (92.103) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

    The diffusion of cogeneration: technology commanding and organizational culture

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    Available from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel W 186 (92.108) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman
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